If you want to print a non-space character right after the variable, use **curly brackets {}** ```bash MANUFACTURER="Apple" echo "I have a ${MANUFACTURER}'s mobile phone." ``` If you need to include **output from the command**, use **standard brackets ()** ```bash echo "System stats: $(w | head -n1)" ``` Standard brackets cannot be used for regular variable, because shell tries to execute the command you put into a brackets. ```bash echo "Test: $(MANUFACTURER)" bash: command not found: MANUFACTURER Test: echo "Test: ${MANUFACTURER}" Test: Apple ```